# Top arXiv papers

• We present rigorous bounds on the thermalization time of the family of quantum mechanical spin systems known as stabilizer Hamiltonians. The thermalizing dynamics are modeled by a Davies master equation that arises from a weak local coupling of the system to a large thermal bath. Two temperature regimes are considered. First we clarify how in the low temperature regime, the thermalization time is governed by a generalization of the energy barrier between orthogonal ground states. When no energy barrier is present the Hamiltonian thermalizes in a time that is at most quadratic in the system size. Secondly, we show that above a universal critical temperature, every stabilizer Hamiltonian relaxes to its unique thermal state in a time which scales at most linearly in the size of the system. We provide an explicit lower bound on the critical temperature. Finally, we discuss the implications of these result for the problem of self-correcting quantum memories with stabilizer Hamiltonians.
• May 29 2015 quant-ph arXiv:1505.07802v1
We show that the entropy of a message can be tested in a device-independent way. Specifically, we consider a prepare-and-measure scenario with classical or quantum communication, and develop two different methods for placing lower bounds on the communication entropy, given observable data. The first method is based on the framework of causal inference networks. The second technique, based on convex optimization, shows that quantum communication provides an advantage over classical, in the sense of requiring a lower entropy to reproduce given data. These ideas may serve as a basis for novel applications in device-independent quantum information processing.
• May 29 2015 quant-ph cs.CR arXiv:1505.07509v1
Digital signatures are widely used in electronic communications to secure important tasks such as financial transactions, software updates, and legal contracts. The signature schemes that are in use today are based on public-key cryptography and derive their security from computational assumptions. However, it is possible to construct unconditionally secure signature protocols. In particular, using quantum communication, it is possible to construct signature schemes with security based on fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. Several quantum signature protocols have been proposed, but none of them has been explicitly generalized to more than three participants, and their security goals have not been formally defined. Here, we first extend the security definitions of Swanson and Stinson (2011) so that they can apply also to the quantum case, and introduce a formal definition of transferability based on different verification levels. We then prove several properties that multiparty signature protocols with information-theoretic security -- quantum or classical -- must satisfy in order to achieve their security goals. We also express two existing quantum signature protocols with three parties in the security framework we have introduced. Finally, we generalize a quantum signature protocol given in Wallden-Dunjko-Kent-Andersson (2015) to the multiparty case, proving its security against forging, repudiation and non-transferability. Notably, this protocol can be implemented using any point-to-point quantum key distribution network and therefore is ready to be experimentally demonstrated.
• In this note we show that the random homological product code construction of Bravyi and Hastings can be extended to qudits of dimension D with D an odd prime. While the result is not surprising, the proof does require new ideas.
• We introduce a simple protocol for verifiable measurement-only blind quantum computing. Alice, a client, can perform only single-qubit measurements, whereas Bob, a server, can generate and store entangled many-qubit states. Bob generates copies of a graph state, which is a universal resource state for measurement-based quantum computing, and sends Alice each qubit of them one by one. Alice adaptively measures each qubit according to her program. If Bob is honest, he generates the correct graph state, and therefore Alice can obtain the correct computation result. Regarding the security, whatever Bob does, Bob cannot learn any information about Alice's computation because of the no-signaling principle. Furthermore, evil Bob does not necessarily send the copies of the correct graph state, but Alice can check the correctness of Bob's state by directly verifying stabilizers of some copies.
• Mutational neighbourhoods in genotype-phenotype (GP) maps are widely believed to be more likely to share characteristics than expected from random chance. Such genetic correlations should, as John Maynard Smith famously pointed out, strongly influence evolutionary dynamics. We explore and quantify these intuitions by comparing three GP maps - RNA SS, HP for tertiary, Polyominoes for protein quaternary structure - to a simple random null model that maintains the number of genotypes mapping to each phenotype, but assigns genotypes randomly. The mutational neighbourhood of a genotype in these GP maps is much more likely to contain (mutationally neutral) genotypes mapping to the same phenotype than in the random null model. These neutral correlations can increase the robustness to mutations by orders of magnitude over that of the null model, raising robustness above the critical threshold for the formation of large neutral networks that enhance the capacity for neutral exploration. We also study \em non-neutral correlations: Compared to the null model, i) If a particular (non-neutral) phenotype is found once in the 1-mutation neighbourhood of a genotype, then the chance of finding that phenotype multiple times in this neighbourhood is larger than expected; ii) If two genotypes are connected by a single neutral mutation, then their respective non-neutral 1-mutation neighbourhoods are more likely to be similar; iii) If a genotype maps to a folding or self-assembling phenotype, then its non-neutral neighbours are less likely to be a potentially deleterious non-folding or non-assembling phenotype. Non-neutral correlations of type i) and ii) reduce the rate at which new phenotypes can be found by neutral exploration, and so may diminish evolvability, while non-neutral correlations of type iii) may instead facilitate evolutionary exploration and so increase evolvability.
• In this paper, a family of three-weight binary linear codes is constructed. Some of the linear codes obtained are either optimal or almost optimal. These codes have applications in association schemes, authentication codes, and secret sharing schemes, in addition to their usages in consumer electronics, communication and data storage systems.
• Parity measurement is a key step in many entanglement generation and quantum error correction schemes. We propose a protocol for non-destructive parity measurement of two remote qubits, i.e., macroscopically separated qubits with no direct interaction. The qubits are instead dispersively coupled to separate resonators that radiate to shared photodetectors. The scheme is deterministic in the sense that there is no fundamental bound on the success probability. Compared to previous proposals, our protocol addresses the scenario where number resolving photodetectors are available but the qubit-resonator coupling is time-independent and only dispersive.
• May 29 2015 math.PR math-ph math.CO math.MP arXiv:1505.07485v1
We consider the following two-player game on a graph. A token is located at a vertex, and the players take turns to move it along an edge to a vertex that has not been visited before. A player who cannot move loses. We analyze outcomes with optimal play on percolation clusters of Euclidean lattices. On Z^2 with two different percolation parameters for odd and even sites, we prove that the game has no draws provided closed sites of one parity are sufficiently rare compared with those of the other parity (thus favoring one player). We prove this also for certain d-dimensional lattices with d>=3. It is an open question whether draws can occur when the two parameters are equal. On a finite ball of Z^2, with only odd sites closed but with the external boundary consisting of even sites, we identify up to logarithmic factors a critical window for the trade-off between the size of the ball and the percolation parameter. Outside this window, one or other player has a decisive advantage. Our analysis of the game is intimately tied to the effect of boundary conditions on maximum-cardinality matchings.
• We discuss the excitation of polaritons---strongly-coupled states of light and matter---by quantum light, instead of the usual laser or thermal excitation. As one illustration of the new horizons thus opened, we introduce Mollow spectroscopy, a theoretical concept for a spectroscopic technique that consists in scanning the output of resonance fluorescence onto an optical target, from which weak nonlinearities can be read with high precision even in strongly dissipative environments.
• Using our T1 theorem with an energy side condition allowing common point masses, we extend our previous work in arXiv:1310.4484v3 on one measure supported on a line, to include regular C(1,delta) curves and to permit common point masses. In the special case of the Cauchy transform with one measure supported on the circle, this gives a slightly different conclusion than that in arXiv:1310.4820v4.
• We present thermal model fits for 11 Jovian and 3 Saturnian irregular satellites based on measurements from the WISE/NEOWISE dataset. Our fits confirm spacecraft-measured diameters for the objects with in situ observations (Himalia and Phoebe) and provide diameters and albedo for 12 previously unmeasured objects, 10 Jovian and 2 Saturnian irregular satellites. The best-fit thermal model beaming parameters are comparable to what is observed for other small bodies in the outer Solar System, while the visible, W1, and W2 albedos trace the taxonomic classifications previously established in the literature. Reflectance properties for the irregular satellites measured are similar to the Jovian Trojan and Hilda Populations, implying common origins.
• We prove that the Chow motive with integral coefficient of a geometrically rational surfaces~$S$ over a perfect field~$k$ is zero dimensional if and only if the Picard group of~$\bar{k}\times_{k}S$, where~$\bar{k}$ is an algebraic closure of~$k$, is a direct summand of a $\Gal (\bar{k}/k)$-permutation module, and~$S$ possesses a zero cycle of degree one. As shown by Colliot-Thélène in a letter to the author (which we have reproduced in the appendix) this is in turn equivalent to~$S$ having a zero cycle of degree~$1$ and $\CH_{0}(k(S)\times_{k}S)$ being torsion free.
• We introduce a new representation learning approach for domain adaptation, in which data at training and test time come from similar but different distributions. Our approach is directlyinspired by the theory on domain adaptation suggesting that, for effective domain transfer to be achieved, predictions must be made based on features that cannot discriminate between the training (source) and test (target) domains. The approach implements this idea in the context of neural network architectures that are trained on labeled data from the source domain and unlabeled data from the target domain (no labeled target-domain data is necessary). As the training progresses, the approach promotes the emergence of features that are (i) discriminative for the main learning task on the source domain and (ii) indiscriminate with respect to the shift between the domains. We show that this adaptation behaviour can be achieved in almost any feed-forward model by augmenting it with few standard layers and a new gradient reversal layer. The resulting augmented architecture can be trained using standard backpropagation and stochastic gradient descent, and can thus be implemented with little effort using any of the deep learning packages. We demonstrate the success of our approach for two distinct classification problems (document sentiment analysis and image classification), where state-of-the-art domain adaptation performance on standard benchmarks is achieved. We also validate the approach for descriptor learning task in the context of person re-identification application.
• The production of quark-antiquark pairs along a color flux tube precedes the fragmentation of the tube. Because of the local conservation of momentum and charge, the production of a $q$-$\bar q$ pair will lead to correlations of adjacently produced mesons (mostly pions). Adjacently produced pions however can be signalled by the their rapidity difference $\Delta y$ falling within the window of $|\Delta y | < 1/(dN_\pi/dy)$, on account of the space-time-rapidity ordering of produced pions in a flux tube fragmentation. Therefore, the local conservation of momentum will lead to a suppression of azimuthal two-pion correlation $dN/(d\Delta \phi\, d\Delta y)$ on the near side at $(\Delta \phi, \Delta y) \sim 0$, but an enhanced azimuthal correlation on the back-to-back, away side at $(\Delta \phi$$\sim$$ \pi,\Delta y$$\sim0). Similarly, in a flux tube fragmentation, the local conservation of charge will forbid the production of like charge pions within |\Delta y | < 1/(dN_\pi/dy), but there is no such prohibition for |\Delta y| >1/(dN_\pi/dy). These properties may be used as the signature for the fragmentation of a color flux tube. • We extend our previous work in arXiv:1302.5093v10 to obtain a T1 theorem with an energy side condition that allows for common point masses. • We report a systematic treatment of the holographic generation of electron Bessel beams, with a view to applications in electron microscopy. We describe in detail the theory underlying hologram patterning, as well as the actual electro-optical configuration used experimentally. We show that by optimizing our nanofabrication recipe, electron Bessel beams can be generated with efficiencies reaching 37 \pm 3\%. We also demonstrate by tuning various hologram parameters that electron Bessel beams can be produced with many visible rings, making them ideal for interferometric applications, or in more highly localized forms with fewer rings, more suitable for imaging. We describe the settings required to tune beam localization in this way, and explore beam and hologram configurations that allow the convergences and topological charges of electron Bessel beams to be controlled. We also characterize the phase structure of the Bessel beams generated with our technique, using a simulation procedure that accounts for imperfections in the hologram manufacturing process. Finally, we discuss a specific potential application of electron Bessel beams in scanning transmission electron microscopy. • Nanoscale resistive memories are expected to fuel dense integration of electronic synapses for large-scale neuromorphic system. To realize such a brain-inspired computing chip, a compact CMOS spiking neuron that performs in-situ learning and computing while driving a large number of resistive synapses is desired. This work presents a novel leaky integrate-and-fire neuron design which implements the dual-mode operation of current integration and synaptic drive, with a single opamp and enables in-situ learning with crossbar resistive synapses. The proposed design was implemented in a 0.18\mu m CMOS technology. Measurements show neuron's ability to drive a thousand resistive synapses, and demonstrate an in-situ associative learning. The neuron circuit occupies a small area of 0.01 mm^2 and has an energy-efficiency of 9.3 pJ per spike per synapse. • Many technological applications are based on electric or magnetic order of materials, for instance magnetic memory. Multiferroics are materials which exhibit electric and magnetic order simultaneously. Due to the coupling of electric and magnetic effects, these materials show a strong potential to control electricity and magnetism and, more generally, the properties and propagation of light. One of the most fascinating and counter-intuitive recent results in multiferroics is directional anisotropy, the asymmetry of light propagation with respect to the direction of propagation. The absorption in the material can be different for forward and backward propagation of light, which in extreme case may lead to complete suppression of absorption in one direction. Another remarkable effect in multiferroics is directional birefringence, i.e. different velocities of light for different directions of propagation. In this paper, we demonstrate giant directional birefringence in a multiferroic samarium ferroborate. The effect is easily observed for linear polarization of light in the range of millimeter-wavelengths, and survives down to very low frequencies. The dispersion and absorption close to the electromagnon resonance can be controlled and fully suppressed in one direction. Therefore, samarium ferroborate is a universal tool for optical control: with a magnetic field as an external parameter it allows switching between two functionalities: polarization rotation and directional anisotropy. • Collisions between prolate uranium nuclei are used to study how particle production and azimuthal anisotropies depend on initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions. We report the two- and four-particle cumulants, v_2\{2\} and v_2\{4\}, for charged hadrons from U+U collisions at \sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 193 GeV and Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 200 GeV. Nearly fully overlapping collisions are selected based on the amount of energy deposited by spectators in the STAR Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDCs). Within this sample, the observed dependence of v_2\{2\} on multiplicity demonstrates that ZDC information combined with multiplicity can preferentially select different overlap configurations in U+U collisions. An initial-state model with gluon saturation describes the slope of v_2\{2\} as a function of multiplicity in central collisions better than one based on Glauber with a two-component multiplicity model. • Recently much effort has been made towards the introduction of non-Hermitian random matrix models respecting PT-symmetry. Here we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between complex PT-symmetric matrices and split-complex and split-quaternionic versions of Hermitian matrices. We introduce two new random matrix ensembles of (a) Gaussian split-complex Hermitian, and (b) Gaussian split-quaternionic Hermitian matrices, of arbitrary sizes. They are related to the split signature versions of the complex and the quaternionic numbers, respectively. We conjecture that these ensembles represent universality classes for PT-symmetric matrices. For the case of 2\times2 matrices we derive analytic expressions for the joint probability distributions of the eigenvalues, the one-level densities and the level spacings in the case of real eigenvalues. • We introduce a definition of symmetry generating vector fields on manifolds which are equipped with a first-order reductive Cartan geometry. We apply this definition to a number of physically motivated examples and show that our newly introduced notion of symmetry agrees with the usual notions of symmetry of affine, Riemann-Cartan, Riemannian and Weizenböck geometries, which are conventionally used as spacetime models. Further, we discuss the case of Cartan geometries which can be used to model observer space instead of spacetime. We show which vector fields on an observer space can be interpreted as symmetry generators of an underlying spacetime manifold, and may hence be called "spatio-temporal". We finally apply this construction to Finsler spacetimes and show that symmetry generating vector fields on a Finsler spacetime are indeed in a one-to-one correspondence with spatio-temporal vector fields on its observer space. • M31N 2015-01a (or M31LRN 2015) is a red nova that erupted in January 2015 -- the first event of this kind observed in M31 since 1988. Very few similar events have been confirmed as of 2015. Most of them are considered to be products of stellar mergers. Results of an extensive optical monitoring of the transient in the period January-March 2015 are presented. Eight optical telescopes were used for imaging. Spectra were obtained on BTA, GTC and the Rozhen 2m telescope. We present a highly accurate 70 d lightcurve and astrometry with a 0.05" uncertainty. The color indices reached a minimum 2-3 d before peak brightness and rapidly increased afterwards. The spectral type changed from F5I to F0I in 6 d before the maximum and then to K3I in the next 30 d. The luminosity of the transient was estimated to 8.7^{+3.3}_{-2.2}\times10^{5}L_{\odot} during the optical maximum. Both the photometric and the spectroscopic results confirm that the object is a red nova, similar to V838 Monocerotis. • We consider the class of (possibly) infinite metric spaces with integer-valued totally split-decomposable metric and possessing an injective hull which has the structure of a polyhedral complex. For this class, we give a characterization for the injective hull to be combinatorially equivalent to a CAT(0) cube complex. In order to obtain these results, we extend the decomposition theory introduced by Bandelt and Dress in 1992 as well as results on the tight span of totally split-decomposable metric spaces proved by Huber, Koolen and Moulton in 2006. As an application, and using results of Lang of 2013, we obtain proper actions on CAT(0) cube complexes for finitely generated groups endowed with a totally split-decomposable word metric whose associated splits satisfy an easy combinatorial property. In the case of Gromov hyperbolic groups, the action is proper as well as cocompact. • Distances to stars are key to revealing a three-dimensional view of the Milky Way, yet their determination is a major challenge in astronomy. Whilst the brightest nearby stars benefit from direct parallax measurements, fainter stars are subject of indirect determinations with uncertainties exceeding 30%. We present an alternative approach to measuring distances using spectroscopically-identified twin stars. Given a star with known parallax, the distance to its twin is assumed to be directly related to the difference in their apparent magnitudes. We found 175 twin pairs from the ESO public HARPS archives and report excellent agreement with Hipparcos parallaxes within 7.5%. Most importantly, the accuracy of our results does not degrade with increasing stellar distance. With the ongoing collection of high-resolution stellar spectra, our method is well-suited to complement Gaia. • Experiments aiming to detect coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering present opportunities to probe new light weakly-coupled states, such as sub-GeV mass dark matter, in several extensions of the Standard Model. These states can be produced along with neutrinos in the collisions of protons with the target, and their production rate can be enhanced if there exists a light mediator produced on-shell. We analyze the sensitivity reach of several proposed experiments to light dark matter interacting with the Standard Model via a light vector mediator coupled to the electromagnetic current. We also determine the corresponding sensitivity to massless singlet neutrino-type states with interactions mediated by the baryon number current. In both cases we observe that proposed coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments, such as COHERENT at the SNS and CENNS at Fermilab, will have sensitivity well beyond the existing limits. • We revisit the design space of visualizations aiming at identifying and relating its components. In this sense, we establish a model to examine the process through which visualizations become expressive for users. This model has leaded us to a taxonomy oriented to the human visual perception, a conceptualization that provides natural criteria in order to delineate a novel understanding for the visualization design space. The new organization of concepts that we introduce is our main contribution: a grammar for the visualization design based on the review of former works and of classical and state-of-the-art techniques. Like so, the paper is presented as a survey whose structure introduces a new conceptualization for the space of techniques concerning visual analysis. • We study the non-perturbative dynamics of the two dimensional {O(N)} and Grassmannian sigma models by using compactification with twisted boundary conditions on \mathbb R \times S^1, semi-classical techniques and resurgence. While the O(N) model has no instantons for N>3, it has (non-instanton) saddles on \mathbb R^2, which we call 2d-saddles. On \mathbb R \times S^1, the resurgent relation between perturbation theory and non-perturbative physics is encoded in new saddles, which are associated with the affine root system of the {\frak o}(N) algebra. These events may be viewed as fractionalizations of the 2d-saddles. The first beta function coefficient, given by the dual Coxeter number, can then be intepreted as the sum of the multiplicities (dual Kac labels) of these fractionalized objects. Surprisingly, the new saddles in O(N) models in compactified space are in one-to-one correspondence with monopole-instanton saddles in SO(N) gauge theory on \mathbb R^3 \times S^1. The Grassmannian sigma models { \rm Gr}(N, M) have 2d instantons, which fractionalize into N kink-instantons. The small circle dynamics of both sigma models can be described as a dilute gas of the one-events and two-events, bions. One-events are the leading source of a variety of non-perturbative effects, and produce the strong scale of the 2d theory in the compactified theory. We show that in both types of sigma models the neutral bion emulates the role of IR-renormalons. We also study the topological theta angle dependence in both the O(3) model and { \rm Gr}(N, M), and describe the multi-branched structure of the observables in terms of the theta-angle dependence of the saddle amplitudes. • We use the theories of identity statuses and communities of practice to describe three different case studies of students finding their paths through undergraduate physics and developing a physics subject-specific identity. Each case study demonstrates a unique path that reinforces the link between the theories of communities of practice and identity statuses. The case studies also illustrate how students progress and regress in their commitment to their subject-specific identities and their professional identities. The progression/regression is dependent on their willingness to explore different aspects of a physics professional identity and their availability to carry out such exploration. Identity status and future identity crises can manifest in students' behavior in the classroom. Allowing students to engage in more legitimate practices of the physics community, especially in the form of undergraduate research, helps students to explore their opportunities and inform the level of commitment they wish to make to physics. • No. In a number of papers Green and Wald argue that the standard FLRW model approximates our Universe extremely well on all scales, except in the immediate vicinity of very strong field astrophysical objects. In particular, they argue that the effect of inhomogeneities on average properties of the Universe (backreaction) is irrelevant. We show that their claims are not valid. Specifically, we demonstrate, referring to their recent review paper, that (i) their two-dimensional example used to illustrate the fitting problem differs from the actual problem in important respects, and it assumes what is to be proven; (ii) the proof of the trace-free property of backreaction is unphysical and the theorem about it is mathematically flawed; (iii) the scheme that underlies the trace-free theorem does not involve averaging and therefore does not capture crucial non-local effects; (iv) their arguments are to a large extent coordinate-dependent, and (v) many of their criticisms of backreaction frameworks do not apply to the published definitions of these frameworks. • We show that a regular isomorphism of profinite completion of the fundamental groups of two 3-manifolds N_1 and N_2 induces an isometry of the Thurston norms and a bijection between the fibered classes. We study to what extent does the profinite completion of knot groups distinguish knots and show that it distinguishes each torus knot and the figure eight knot among all knots. We show also that it distinguishes between hyperbolic knots with cyclically commensurable complements under the assumption that their Alexander polynomials have at least one zero which is not a root of unity. • Recent technological advances have enabled researchers in a variety of fields to collect accurately geocoded data for several variables simultaneously. In many cases it may be most appropriate to jointly model these multivariate spatial processes without constraints on their conditional relationships. When data have been collected on a regular lattice, the multivariate conditionally autoregressive (MCAR) models are a common choice. However, inference from these MCAR models relies heavily on the pre-specified neighborhood structure and often assumes a separable covariance structure. Here, we present a multivariate spatial model using a spectral analysis approach that enables inference on the conditional relationships between the variables that does not rely on a pre-specified neighborhood structure, is non-separable, and is computationally efficient. Covariance and cross-covariance functions are defined in the spectral domain to obtain computational efficiency. Posterior inference on the correlation matrix allows for quantification of the conditional dependencies. The approach is illustrated for the toxic element arsenic and four other soil elements whose relative concentrations were measured on a spatial lattice. Understanding conditional relationships between arsenic and other soil elements provides insights for mitigating poisoning in southern Asia and elsewhere. • May 29 2015 hep-th arXiv:1505.07797v1 We consider world-sheet theories for non-Abelian strings assuming compactification on a cylinder with a finite circumference L and periodic boundary conditions. The dynamics of the orientational modes is described by two-dimensional CP(N-1) model. We analyze both non-supersymmetric (bosonic) model and {\mathcal N}=(2,2) supersymmetric CP(N-1) emerging in the case of 1/2-BPS saturated strings in \ntwo supersymmetric QCD with N_f=N. The non-supersymmetric case was studied previously; technically our results agree with those obtained previously, although our interpretation is totally different. In the large-N limit we detect a phase transition at L\sim \Lambda_{\rm CP}^{-1} (which is expected to become a rapid crossover at finite N). If at large L the CP(N-1) model develops a mass gap and is in the Coulomb/confinement phase, with exponentially suppressed finite-L effects, at small L it is in the deconfinement phase, and the orientational modes contribute to the Lüsher term. The latter becomes dependent on the rank of the bulk gauge group. In the supersymmetric CP(N-1) models at finite L we find a large-N solution which was not known previously. We observe a single phase independently of the value of L\Lambda_{\rm CP}. For any value of this parameter a mass gap develops and supersymmetry remains unbroken. So does the SU(N) symmetry of the target space. The mass gap turns out to be independent of the string length. The Lüscher term is absent due to supersymmetry. • We briefly review earlier and report original experimental results in the context of metastable or possible superconducting materials. We show that applied electric field induces conducting state in Copper Chloride (CuCl) whose characteristics resemble behavior of sliding charge-density-wave(s) (CDW). We discuss whether the sliding CDW or collective transport of similar ordered charge phase(s) may account for the problem of "high-temperature superconductivity" observed in this and other materials, including Cadmium Sulfide (CdS), metal-ammonia solutions, polymers, amorphous carbon and tungsten oxides. We also discuss a local superconductivity that occurs at the surface of graphite and amorphous carbon under deposition of foreign atoms/molecules. • A new modified Galerkin / Finite Element Method is proposed for the numerical solution of the fully nonlinear shallow water wave equations. The new numerical method allows the use of low-order Lagrange finite element spaces, despite the fact that the system contains third order spatial partial derivatives for the depth averaged velocity of the fluid. After studying the efficacy and the conservation properties of the new numerical method, we proceed with the validation of the new numerical model and boundary conditions by comparing the numerical solutions with laboratory experiments and with available theoretical asymptotic results. • May 29 2015 cs.LO arXiv:1505.07794v1 We present a unifying framework for type systems for process calculi. The core of the system provides an accurate correspondence between essentially functional processes and linear logic proofs; fragments of this system correspond to previously known connections between proofs and processes. We show how the addition of extra logical axioms can widen the class of typeable processes in exchange for the loss of some computational properties like lock-freeness or termination, allowing us to see various well studied systems (like i/o types, linearity, control) as instances of a general pattern. This suggests unified methods for extending existing type systems with new features while staying in a well structured environment and constitutes a step towards the study of denotational semantics of processes using proof-theoretical methods. • In this article we study C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras associated with locally compact non-discrete groups acting on trees. After formulating an locally compact analogue of Powers' property, we prove that the reduced group C*-algebra of certain groups acting on trees is simple. This is the first simplicity result for C*-algebra of non-discrete groups and answers a question of de la Harpe. We complement this result by showing that every C*-simple group must be totally disconnected. We also consider group von Neumann algebras of certain non-discrete groups acting on trees. We prove factoriality, determine their type and show non-amenability. We end the article by giving natural examples of groups satisfying the hypotheses of our work. • Global research efforts have been focused on the simultaneous improvement of the efficiency and sensitivity of malaria diagnosis in resource-limited settings and for the active case detection of asymptomatic infections. A recently developed magneto-optical (MO) method allows the high-sensitivity detection of malaria pigment (hemozoin) crystals in blood via their magnetically induced rotational motion. The evaluation of the method using synthetic \beta-hematin crystals and P. falciparum in vitro cultures implies its potential for in-field diagnosis. Here, we study the performance of the method in monitoring the in vivo onset and progression of the blood stage infection using a malaria mouse model. We found that the MO method can detect the first generation of intraerythrocytic parasites at the ring stage 61-66 hours after sporozoite injection demonstrating better sensitivity than light microscopy and flow cytometry. MO measurements performed after treatment of severe P. berghei infections show that the clearance period of hemozoin in mice is approx. 5 days which indicates the feasibility of the detection of later reinfections as well. Being label and reagent-free, cost-effective and rapid, together with the demonstrated sensitivity, we believe that the MO method is a suitable candidate for in-depth clinical evaluation in endemic settings. • We demonstrate the generation and detection of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance in Pt/YIG bilayers. A unique attribute of this system is that the spin Hall effect lies at the heart of both the generation and detection processes and no charge current is passing through the insulating magnetic layer. When the YIG undergoes resonance, a dc voltage is detected longitudinally along the Pt that can be described by two components. One is the mixing of the spin Hall magnetoresistance with the microwave current. The other results from spin pumping into the Pt being converted to a dc current through the inverse spin Hall effect. The voltage is measured with applied magnetic field directions that range in-plane to nearly perpendicular. We find that for magnetic fields that are mostly out-of-plane, an imaginary component of the spin mixing conductance is required to model our data. • The purpose of this paper is to study gradient estimate of Hamilton - Souplet - Zhang type for the general heat equation$$ u_t=\Delta_V u + au\log u+bu$$on noncompact Riemannian manifolds. As its application, we show a Harnak inequality for the heat solution and a Liouville type theorem for a nonlinear elliptic equation. Our results are an extention and improvement of the work of Souplet - Zhang (\citeSZ), Ruan (\citeRuan), Yi Li (\citeYili) and Huang-Ma (\citeHM). • We have performed for the first time a comprehensive study of the sensitivity of$r$-process nucleosynthesis to individual nuclear masses across the chart of nuclides. Using the latest version (2012) of the Finite-Range Droplet Model, we consider mass variations of$\pm0.5$MeV and propagate each mass change to all affected quantities, including$Q$-values, reaction rates, and branching ratios. We find such mass variations can result in up to an order of magnitude local change in the final abundance pattern produced in an$r$-process simulation. We identify key nuclei whose masses have a substantial impact on abundance predictions for hot, cold, and neutron star merger$r$-process scenarios and could be measured at future radioactive beam facilities. • For orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle it has been shown recently that it is always possible to find sequences of para-orthogonal polynomials that satisfy simple three term recurrence formula. The para-orthogonal polynomials in the three term recurrence formula are such that their zeros are also different from$z=1$. The two zeros of any of these para-orthogonal polynomials lying on either side of the point$z=1$will be referred to as the extreme zeros. The main objective of the present manuscript is to find bounds for the extreme zeros of such para-orthogonal polynomials in terms of the coefficients of their three term recurrence formula, thus in turn, also in terms of the Verblunsky coefficients. Using the limiting behavior of these extreme zeros, bounds for the support of the associated measure are also found. Using a measure obtained after a rotation of the original measure, results about the bounds for any gap within the support are also given. Examples are provided to justify these results. • May 29 2015 math.GR arXiv:1505.07786v1 This paper concerns partial groups, objective partial groups, and localities, with special attention given to the quotient of a locality by a partial normal subgroup. • Recent years have seen increased theoretical and experimental effort towards the first-ever detection of cosmic-ray antideuterons, in particular as an indirect signature of dark matter annihilation or decay. In contrast to indirect dark matter searches using positrons, antiprotons, or gamma-rays, which suffer from relatively high and uncertain astrophysical backgrounds, searches with antideuterons benefit from very suppressed conventional backgrounds, offering a potential breakthrough in unexplored phase space for dark matter. This article is based on the first dedicated cosmic-ray antideuteron workshop, which was held at UCLA in June 2014. It reviews broad classes of dark matter candidates that result in detectable cosmic-ray antideuteron fluxes, as well as the status and prospects of current experimental searches. The coalescence model of antideuteron production and the influence of antideuteron measurements at particle colliders are discussed. This is followed by a review of the modeling of antideuteron propagation through the magnetic fields, plasma currents, and molecular material of our Galaxy, the solar system, the Earth's geomagnetic field, and the atmosphere. Finally, the three ongoing or planned experiments that are sensitive to cosmic-ray antideuterons, BESS, AMS-02, and GAPS, are detailed. As cosmic-ray antideuteron detection is a rare event search, multiple experiments with orthogonal techniques and backgrounds are essential. Many theoretical and experimental groups have contributed to these studies over the last decade, this review aims to provide the first coherent discussion of the relevant dark matter theories that antideuterons probe, the challenges to predictions and interpretations of antideuteron signals, and the experimental efforts toward cosmic antideuteron detection. • I extend the framework of rigid analytic geometry to the setting of algebraic geometry relative to monoids, and study the associated notions of separated, proper, and overconvergent morphisms. The category of affine manifolds embeds as a subcategory defined by simple algebraic (normal) and topological (overconvergent) criteria. The affine manifold of a rigid space can be recovered either as a set of Novikov field' points or as a universal Hausdorff quotient. After base change to any topological field, one obtains a toric' analytic space that fibres over the affine manifold. • With stereoscopic displays, a depth sensation that is too strong could impede visual comfort and result in fatigue or pain. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technology which records brain activity. We used it to develop a novel brain-computer interface that monitors users' states in order to reduce visual strain. We present the first proof-of-concept system that discriminates comfortable conditions from uncomfortable ones during stereoscopic vision using EEG. It reacts within 1s to depth variations, achieving 63% accuracy on average and 74% when 7 consecutive variations are measured. This study could lead to adaptive systems that automatically suit stereoscopic displays to users and viewing conditions. • May 29 2015 math.CT arXiv:1505.07782v1 We introduce the notion of Whitehead sequence which is defined for a base category together with a system of abstract actions over it. In the classical case of groups and group actions the Whitehead sequences are precisely the crossed-modules of groups. For a general setting we give sufficient conditions for the existence of a categorical equivalence between internal groupoids and Whitehead sequences. • An$i$-packing in a graph$G$is a set of vertices at pairwise distance greater than$i$. For a nondecreasing sequence of integers$S=(s\_{1},s\_{2},\ldots)$, the$S$-packing chromatic number of a graph$G$is the least integer$k$such that there exists a coloring of$G$into$k$colors where each set of vertices colored$i$,$i=1,\ldots, k$, is an$s\_i$-packing. This paper describes various subdivisions of an$i$-packing into$j$-packings ($j\textgreater{}i$) for the hexagonal, square and triangular lattices. These results allow us to bound the$S$-packing chromatic number for these graphs, with more precise bounds and exact values for sequences$S=(s\_{i}, i\in\mathbb{N}^{*})$,$s\_{i}=d+ \lfloor (i-1)/n \rfloor$. • Gyárfás et al. and Zaker have proven that the Grundy number of a graph$G$satisfies$\Gamma(G)\ge t$if and only if$G$contains an induced subgraph called a$t$-atom. The family of$t$-atoms has bounded order and contains a finite number of graphs. In this article, we introduce equivalents of$t$-atoms for b-coloring and partial Grundy coloring. This concept is used to prove that determining if$\varphi(G)\ge t$and$\partial\Gamma(G)\ge t$(under conditions for the b-coloring), for a graph$G$, is in XP with parameter$t$. We illustrate the utility of the concept of$t$-atoms by giving results on b-critical vertices and edges, on b-perfect graphs and on graphs of girth at least$7$. • We obtain variational formulas for holomorphic objects on Riemann surfaces with respect to arbitrary local coordinates on moduli space of complex structures. These formulas are written in terms of a canonical object on moduli space which corresponds to the pairing between the space of quadratic differentials and the tangent space to moduli space. This canonical object satisfies certain commutation relations which appear to be the same as ones emerged in integrability theory of Whitham type hierarchies. Driven by this observation, we develop the theory of Whitham type hierarchies integrable by hydrodynamic reductions as a theory of certain differential-geometric objects. ### Recent comments Patrick Hayden May 28 2015 17:31 UTC Wonderful! I've been waiting for a book like this for a while now! Thanks, Marco.&#13; &#13; I do have one trivial comment from a 30 second preliminary scan, though: please consider typesetting the proofs with a font size matching the main text. If us readers are already squinting hard trying to understand ...(continued) lucy.vanderwende May 07 2015 16:13 UTC The authors will want to look at work that Simone Teufel has done, in particular her Argumentative Zoning, which discusses the stance that the paper author takes with respect to the citations in that paper. Jonathan Oppenehim May 06 2015 14:29 UTC This article has generated a fair bit of discussion. But I found a few of the statements puzzling (Edgar Lozano also). Take for example, Theorem 1 (ii) (reversibility) which appears to contradict a number of previous results. Should we understand your work function as &quot;work in the paradigm where we ...(continued) Ashley Apr 21 2015 18:42 UTC Thanks for the further comments and spotting the new typos. To reply straight away to the other points:&#13; &#13; First, the resulting states might as well stay in the same bin (even though, as you rightly note, the bins no longer correspond to the same bit-strings as before). All that matters is that the ...(continued) Perplexed Platypus Apr 21 2015 14:55 UTC Thanks for updating the paper so promptly. The updated version addresses all my concerns so far. However I noticed a few extra (minor) things while reading through it.&#13; &#13; On page 15, last step of 2(b): if$|\psi_r\rangle$and$|\psi_t\rangle$were in the same bin but the combination operation failed ...(continued) Ashley Apr 20 2015 16:27 UTC Thank you for these very detailed and helpful comments. I have uploaded a new version of the paper to the arXiv to address them, which should appear tomorrow. I will reply to the comments in more detail (and justify the cases where I didn't modify the paper as suggested) when I receive them through ...(continued) Mark M. Wilde Apr 17 2015 03:43 UTC From the abstract: &quot;Our result suggests that the coherent-state scheme known to achieve the ultimate information-theoretic capacity is not a practically optimal scheme for the case of using a finite number of channels.&quot;&#13; &#13; I find this language highly misleading and would have appreciated an arXiv po ...(continued) Santiago Casas Apr 16 2015 14:05 UTC Finally a good use for the Torsion tensor Perplexed Platypus Apr 13 2015 22:37 UTC **Summary and recommendation**&#13; &#13; This paper considers a$d$-dimensional version of the problem of finding a given pattern within a text, for random patterns and text. The text is assumed to be picked uniformly at random and has size$n^d$while the pattern has size$m^d\$ and is either uniformly ran ...(continued)
Ashley Apr 12 2015 13:01 UTC
Thanks for the clarification. In fact it seems that I do have this option switched on, with the correct author identifier, so I'm not sure why I didn't get an email about these comments.